Building extraterrestrial scientific research bases on the Moon/Mars based on green and recyclable life support systems is an important foundation and prerequisite for deep space exploration. On the basis of an in-depth analysis of the aerospace life support system, the key biotechnology that affects the recyclability of the life support system has been systematically sorted out, and the research status and problems and challenges of material flow control, plant cultivation, biological processing, environmental monitoring and control are summarised, and the development trends are also reviewed. The development of aerospace biocrossover technology driven by metaomics and synthetic biology is proposed, thus providing a reference for the construction of the new generation of life support systems and subsequent extraterrestrial scientific research bases.